IBS

The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the way the gut and brain communicate. The muscles of the bowel may contract too strongly or weakly, affecting how food moves through the digestive system.

IBS is often linked with gut sensitivity, stress, and certain food triggers. Hormonal changes, such as during periods, can also make symptoms worse.

IBS is different from food intolerances or inflammatory bowel disease. It is a functional gut disorder, meaning there is no structural damage, but the gut does not work as smoothly as it should.

The main symptoms include abdominal pain or cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea, constipation, or sometimes alternating between the two. Some people also notice excess wind, nausea, or mucus in their stool.

Symptoms often come and go, sometimes lasting a few days or weeks before improving. They can be triggered by certain foods, stress, or changes in routine.

You should seek medical advice urgently if you notice unexplained weight loss, blood in your stool, persistent vomiting, or a family history of bowel cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. These may point to another condition that needs further investigation.

There is no single cure for IBS, but symptoms can usually be managed with lifestyle changes and medicines. Keeping a food and symptom diary can help identify personal triggers. Eating regular meals, reducing caffeine and alcohol, and staying active are all helpful. Some people find benefit from specific diets such as reducing high FODMAP foods (a group of fermentable carbohydrates). Stress management, relaxation techniques, and good sleep routines also play an important role.

Medicines may be used when lifestyle changes are not enough. Options include antispasmodics (to reduce cramping), anti-diarrhoeal medicines, or laxatives if constipation is the main problem. Low-dose antidepressants are sometimes used to help with pain sensitivity in the gut.

Our service provides treatment for uncomplicated IBS, including medicines that help manage cramping and bowel symptoms. Always read the patient information leaflet with your medicine, and contact your GP if your symptoms do not improve. If you experience new or concerning symptoms such as bleeding or weight loss, you should seek urgent advice from NHS 111, your GP, or A&E.