Acid Reflux

Normally, a muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus keeps stomach contents in place.

Acid reflux occurs when this muscle relaxes or weakens, allowing acid to escape.

It is more likely to happen after large or late-night meals, or when eating spicy, fatty or acidic foods. Caffeine, alcohol and smoking can make it worse, as can being overweight or taking certain medicines such as Mounjaro or Wegovy.

The most common symptom is a burning sensation in the chest, which is often worse after eating or when lying down. Some people notice a bitter or sour taste in the mouth, bloating, belching, or the feeling of food coming back up.

Less commonly, it can cause a cough, sore throat or hoarse voice. If you ever have difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, vomit that looks like blood, or black stools, you should seek urgent medical advice as these could be signs of something more serious.

There is no single cure for IBS, but symptoms can usually be managed with lifestyle changes and medicines. Keeping a food and symptom diary can help identify personal triggers.

Eating regular meals, reducing caffeine and alcohol, and staying active are all helpful. Some people find benefit from specific diets such as reducing high FODMAP foods (a group of fermentable carbohydrates). Stress management, relaxation techniques, and good sleep routines also play an important role.

Medicines may be used when lifestyle changes are not enough. Options include antispasmodics (to reduce cramping), anti-diarrhoeal medicines, or laxatives if constipation is the main problem. Low-dose antidepressants are sometimes used to help with pain sensitivity in the gut.

Our service provides treatment for uncomplicated IBS, including medicines that help manage cramping and bowel symptoms. Always read the patient information leaflet with your medicine, and contact your GP if your symptoms do not improve. If you experience new or concerning symptoms such as bleeding or weight loss, you should seek urgent advice from NHS 111, your GP, or A&E.