What is Nitrofurantoin MR 100? 

Nitrofurantoin is from the class of nitrofurans that exert their effect on bacteria through their inhibition. The medicine is quite potent in combating cystitis infection since it acts primarily on common-causing bacteria such as E. coli. 

Nitrofurantoin MR 100 is used for the therapy of Cystitis in both males and females, and it is broadly considered safe and effective for the treatment of UTI.

At 123Meds, we offer Nitrofurantoin for the treatment of cystitis in females only- if you are interested in using Nitrofurantoin for any other condition, or have been experiencing recurrent episodes of cystitis (defined as more than 2 episodes of cystitis in 6 months or more than 3 in the past 12 months) we would advise that you seek further review from your GP to determine whether it is an appropriate treatment option.

How Nitrofurantoin MR 100 Works 

Mechanism of Action: 

Inhibits Bacterial Enzymes: It inhibits the action of the enzymes of bacteria. Thus, it prevents bacteria from producing the proteins they need to carry out. 
Interferes with DNA Synthesis: It interferes with DNA synthesis. It inhibits the ability of bacteria to replicate their DNA and, thus, to multiply. 

When is Cystitis Confirmed, and Medication Needed? 

Cystitis is usually diagnosed symptomatically - common symptoms include: 

- increased urination frequency

- burning sensation while urinating

- cloudy or foul-smelling urine,

- lower tummy pain.

In some cases, particularly where symptoms are more persistent, systemic (such as fever, chills or vomiting) further evaluation will be needed to determine the causes, including to confirm the type of bacteria that is causing the infection - this may involve diagnostic tests such as a urine sample.

Cystitis usually resolve without treatment within 48 hours and self care measures as advised on our cystitis page can be used to help manage your symptoms during this period.

Physical Causes of Cystitis: 

• Poor hygiene leads to the contamination of the area around the urethra with bacteria. This increases the risk of developing an infection. 
• Sexual intercourse causes the introduction of bacteria into the urinary tract, leading to an infection and, thus, Cystitis. 
   

Can Nitrofurantoin MR 100 Be Purchased Over the Counter? 

Nitrofurantoin MR 100 is a prescription only medication, which can only be supplied after an assessment by a healthcare professional. At 123Meds our in-house prescribers and pharmacy team are able to provide a prescription and treatment if needed and appropriate to ensure that you receive the care needed.

Alternative Medications 

There are a number of alternative medicines for the treatment of cystitis, if in the event that your symptoms do not improve with the use of self-care or Nitrofurantoin or that you are not able to use Nitrofurantoin - for example due to an allergy.

This includes antibiotics such as Trimethoprim or Cefalexin.

If you have had a course of Nitrofurantoin and your symptoms have not improved or worsened you should see your GP or contact NHS111 urgently as further assessment will be required to determine an appropriate treatment plan. 

How to Take Nitrofurantoin MR 100

Timing: This tablet should be taken with food for better absorption and lower risk of side effects in the gastrointestinal tract. The usual regimen is one capsule twice daily in the morning and evening. 

Dosage: The dosage is 100 mg, taken twice a day. 
With Food: Taking the medicine with food can minimize the chance of stomach upset.

Avoid Alcohol: There are no specific interactions with alcohol and Nitrofurantoin; however, generally, alcohol should be avoided during treatment.

Missed Dose: If you miss a dose of medicine, take it as soon as you remember if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take the missed dose at all. Just skip it and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. 

Active Ingredient: 

The active ingredient in the medicine is Nitrofurantoin. The mechanism of action is antibacterial activity, which aids in inhibiting bacterial activity within the urinary tract. The agent causes damage to the DNA of susceptible bacteria and cannot multiply or reproduce. 

Inactive Ingredients: 

The inactive ingredients of Nitrofurantoin MR 100 capsules include magnesium stearate as a lubricant, microcrystalline cellulose as a stabilizer, silica gel as a drying agent, and sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant. These ensure stability, consistency, and effectiveness of the tablet in the production process and when it is administered to the body.

Note - Inactive ingredients can vary between manufacturers. 

Always read the patient information leaflet (PIL) in your pack for the complete list of ingredients, and to check for any you might be allergic to.

Nitrofurantoin MR 100 is generally safe and tolerable for most patients when administered at the appropriate dose. However, like all medicines, adverse effects are also present. Most adverse effects are mild and temporary; however, they may necessitate medical attention. It is always advised to seek medical attention  if you observe any concerning signs. 

Common Side Effects: 

Nausea: You might experience mild nausea. 
Headache: It is usual to have early headaches as a side effect of the treatment.  
Dizziness: You could feel lightheaded or dizzy. 
Diarrhea or Constipation: Nitrofurantoin can sometimes cause changes in bowel movements, leading to either diarrhea or constipation. 
Stomach Pain: Mild stomach pain or discomfort can occur. 
Urine Discolouration: Nitrofurantoin can cause the urine to turn a dark yellow or brown. 

Less Common but Serious Side Effects: 

Pulmonary Toxicity: Nitrofurantoin is known to cause lung disorders, which may be termed shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain. Liver Problems: Yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, or pain in the upper right part of the belly are some indicators of liver damage. TPeripheral Neuropathy: Rarely, nerve damage may occur. 
Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms include rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat, or trouble breathing. 

If you experience any of the above symptoms, treatment should be ceased and urgent medical advice should be sought by calling 999 or attending A&E.

Inform your 123Meds prescriber of any pre-existing conditions or medicines you are already on before beginning treatment with Nitrofurantoin MR 100 so that he or she can evaluate whether such treatment would be suitable for you