What is Naproxen?

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat pain and inflammation. In women, it is often prescribed for period pain (dysmenorrhoea) when standard painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen are not effective. Naproxen is usually supplied as tablets in 250 mg or 500 mg strengths.

How Does Naproxen Work?

Naproxen works by blocking the action of enzymes called cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). These enzymes help the body produce prostaglandins, which are chemicals that trigger pain, swelling, and cramping. During menstruation, high levels of prostaglandins cause the womb to contract, leading to cramps. By reducing prostaglandin production, naproxen eases pain and makes periods more manageable.

Symptoms of Period Pain in Women

Period pain often presents as cramping in the lower abdomen, which may spread to the back or thighs. Other common symptoms include bloating, headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Pain usually starts just before or at the beginning of the period and can last for a few days. For some women, symptoms are mild, but others may find the pain interferes with daily activities.

Alternative Treatment Options

Other ways to manage period pain include:

• Over-the-counter pain relief such as ibuprofen or paracetamol.
• Heat therapy, for example using a hot water bottle or heat patch on the abdomen.
• Lifestyle changes including regular exercise and stress management.
• Hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill, patch, or intrauterine device (IUD), which can reduce period pain by regulating or lightening menstrual flow.
• Non-drug measures such as massage, relaxation techniques, or dietary adjustments.
  
  

Can Naproxen Be Purchased Over the Counter?

Naproxen is not available to buy over the counter in the UK for period pain. It is a prescription-only medicine. A doctor or prescribing pharmacist will need to review your symptoms and medical history to decide if naproxen is suitable and safe for you.

Directions for Taking Naproxen 500 mg Tablets (Period Pain)

• The usual starting dose is 500 mg at the first sign of period pain.
• This may be followed by 250 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed, depending on the severity of symptoms.
• The maximum daily dose is 1,250 mg on the first day, then up to 1,000 mg per day on the following days if needed.
• Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water, preferably with or after food, to reduce stomach irritation.
• Do not take more than prescribed and do not use naproxen for longer than your prescriber recommends.

Active Ingredient

Naproxen 500 mg

Inactive Ingredients (may vary slightly between manufacturers)

Lactose monohydrate
Maize starch
Povidone
Magnesium stearate
Purified talc
Iron oxides (colouring agents, in some brands)
Film coating agents such as hypromellose, titanium dioxide, macrogol

Always read the patient information leaflet (PIL) in your pack for the complete list of ingredients, and to check for any you might be allergic to.

Common side effects

Indigestion, heartburn, stomach pain
Nausea or vomiting
Headache or dizziness
Tiredness

Less common side effects

Diarrhoea or constipation
Bloating or wind
Skin rash or itching

Serious but rare side effects

Stomach ulcers or bleeding (signs include vomiting blood, black or tarry stools, severe abdominal pain)
Severe allergic reaction (swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing)
Liver or kidney problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, changes in urination)
Increased risk of heart attack or stroke with long-term or high-dose use

If you experience severe stomach pain, signs of bleeding, or allergic symptoms, stop taking naproxen and seek medical help immediately.